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Evidence of venom variability associated with venom extraction interval in the monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia)

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  Evidence of venom variability associated with venom extraction interval in the monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia) Abstract Snake venom variability is a critical factor in antivenom production. Although several influencing factors have been studied, the impact of extraction interval on venom properties remains poorly understood. This study evaluated the effects of various extraction intervals on venom yield, the percentage of dry weight (%Dw), and composition in the monocled cobra ( Naja kaouthia ). Twenty-five captive snakes were randomly allocated to five groups, each undergoing a control extraction followed by a repeated extraction at 1, 4, 7, 10, or 14 days. Venom profiles were characterized using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results indicated that while fresh venom yield remained stable across all intervals, %Dw significantly decreased in extractions performed between 1 and 10 days, ...

Unveiling the diversity and distribution of Coelotinae (Araneae, Agelenidae) spiders from Chongqing, China

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The Hitherto Unknown Female of Araniella Maasdorpi (araneae: Araneidae)

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A further new species for the genus Ananteris Thorell, 1891 (Scorpiones: Ananteridae) from a poorly prospected region of Brazilian Amazonia

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Variability of sodium channel toxins in Mesobuthus thersites Advised toolkit for comprehensive venomics

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Rational attenuation of elapid long-chain neurotoxin by targeted residue substitution and disulfide architecture simplification: implications for receptor interaction and immune recognition

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Inter- and Intraspecific Variation in Web Architecture and Its Significance in Australian Funnel-Web Spiders (Atracidae)

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One more new species of Chaerilobuthus Lourenço & beigel, 2011 (Scorpiones: Chaerilobuthidae) from Early Cretaceous Burmite

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Longitudinal Variation in Riparian Spider Communities Along Near-Natural Streams

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The distribution, spatial clustering, and density of trapdoor spiders in two California coastal dune ecosystems

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New distributional data for the spiders Cheiracanthium inclusum (Hentz, 1847) (Araneae: Cheiracanthiidae) and Zimiris doriae Simon, 1882 (Araneae: Prodidomidae) in Mexico

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Cicileus derradji sp. nov., a New Species from Southern Algeria (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

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Systematics and Historical Biogeography of Neotropical Tarantulas: A Genomic Approach to Dolichothele (Araneae: Theraphosidae) Diversification Across Domains

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From Taxonomic Accuracy to Toxin Naming: A Welcome Dialogue in Toxicon

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Species diversity in the segmented spider genus Songthela (Mesothelae, Liphistiidae), with descriptions of 12 new species from Guizhou Province, China

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Two new species of the genus Phoroncidia Westwood, 1835 (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Xizang and Yunnan, China

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