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Multidimensional toxicity of snake venom causes multi-organ damage and treatment challenges: a narrative review

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  Multidimensional toxicity of snake venom causes multi-organ damage and treatment challenges: a narrative review Abstract Snakebite envenomation has become a global public health challenge due to the widespread distribution of venomous snakes. Snake venom, a complex mixture containing various bioactive components, exhibits distinct characteristics across different families. The core toxic components of snake venom are mainly Three-Finger Toxins (3FTxs), phospholipase A2(PLA2), and proteases, which together form the material basis of the venom’s multidimensional toxicity. Through synergistic effects, they activate common pathological pathways, enabling targeted disruption of multiple human organs., leading to acute injury and even multi-organ failure. Beyond the acute effects, some survivors may experience long-term sequelae such as chronic kidney disease or permanent musculoskeletal damage. Existing research suggests that snake venom may have modulatory effects on the immune syste...

A new species of Strotarchus Simon, 1888 from Mexico and description of the male of the type species S. nebulosus Simon, 1888 (Araneae: Cheiracanthiidae)

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A review of Idiommata Ausserer, 1871 (Mygalomorphae: Barychelidae), with the description of a related new genus and new species of giant Australian brush-footed spiders

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Compsobuthus hadeki sp. n. from Iraq (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

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Egg-Carrying and Cheliceral Comb in Ibaloniinae Harvestmen From the Solomon Islands (Opiliones: Podoctidae)

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Huntsman spiders of the genus Sinopoda (Araneae, Sparassidae, Heteropodinae) from the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, southwestern China, with descriptions of two new species

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A new Nemesia species from Spanish Catalonia (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Nemesiidae, Haplonemesia)

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Mechanism of Anticoagulation, Inhibition of In Vivo Thrombus Formation, and Assessment of Preclinical Safety of a Snake Venom Phospholipase A2 Enzyme-inspired New Antithrombotic Custom Peptide

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First fossil of the pseudoscorpion family Chernetidae Menge, 1855 (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

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Beyond morphology alone: species delimitation, hemispermatophore comparisons and comments on the systematic status of Scorpiops Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae) with a description of three new species from peninsular India

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Passing of Petra Sierwald

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ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODELS BY TITYUS SERRULATUS LUTZ & MELLO, 1922 AND TITYUS STIGMURUS (THORELL, 1876) (ARACHNIDA: SCORPIONES)

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Two New Troglobitic Species of Giupponia Pérez-González & Kury, 2002 (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea) from Caves of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil

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Transcriptomic Insights Into the Evolution of Snake Venom: Mechanisms, Diversity, and Adaptation

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Suitable habitats for Ebrechtella tricuspidata (Araneae, Thomisidae) in China under climate change: implications for biological control

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A review of the genus Tyrannochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) from Guangxi, China, with the description of eleven new species

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Structural complexity and prey availability shape spider communities under retention forestry

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Crab spider vision improves their prey capture despite low visual system investment

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Predation of the Sharqiyah Sand Gecko Trigonodactylus sharqiyahensis Metallinou & Carranza, 2013 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) by Perez’s Huntsman Spider Eusparassus perezi (Simon, 1902) (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Oman

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Guest editorial: celebrating the 70th birthday of Hisham K. El-Hennawy – Egypt’s arachnologist

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Advancing the systematics of Araneae: ultraconserved elements phylogenomics demonstrates the non-monophyly of Miturgidae Simon, 1886 and supports the Familial Rank of Systariidae Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001

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