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Acute gonadal toxicity induced by Bothrops atrox venom in mice

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  Acute gonadal toxicity induced by Bothrops atrox venom in mice Abstract Bothrops atrox is responsible for most snakebite incidents in the Amazon region. Its venom is recognized for causing significant tissue damage and systemic effects. However, its effect on reproductive organs remains poorly explored. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of B. atrox venom on testes and ovaries of adult mice. Male and female mice were exposed to B. atrox venom (½ LD 50 ) via four administration routes subcutaneous (SC), intramuscular (IM), intravenous (IV), and intraperitoneal (IP), followed by comprehensive assessment of gonadal histology, sperm function, oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzyme activities, and mRNA expression of inflammatory and apoptotic markers. Following B. atrox venom exposure, ovarian histological architecture remained preserved across all routes, whereas testicular tissue exhibited route-dependent injury ranging from moderate luminal apoptosis aft...

Venomous Lepidoptera: defensive toxin systems, venom composition, and clinical significance

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A Remarkable Discovery: Exploring a Rare Eresus and Spider Wasp Interaction

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Geographical distribution and new records of Ariamnes longissimus keyserling, 1891 (Araneae, Theridiidae) in South America

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Bioamine disruption leads to memory deficits in the whip spider, Phrynus marginemaculatus

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Four new species of the genus Psechrus Thorell, 1878 (Araneae: Psechridae) from Yunnan Province, China

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Senecioylcholine in Heterometrus spinifer scorpion venom activates vertebrate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

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Factors associated with clinical severity in scorpion envenomation: a retrospective cross-sectional study in western Mexico between 2021 and 2025

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New synonymy and combinations in Megamyrmaekion Reuss, 1834 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)

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Two new species of the genus Nemaspela Šilhavý, 1966 (Opiliones: Nemastomatidae) from Georgian caves

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A new species of Mundochthonius Chamberlin, 1929 (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Tsushima Island, Japan with notes on cryptic diversity and biogeography of the Japanese Archipelago

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Immunomodulatory properties of venom-derived crotamine

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Remarkable micro-endemism and high congeneric richness: eight new cave-restricted species of Pseudochthonius Balzan, 1892 (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from the Brazilian semi-arid

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Scorpion first: fear of arthropods in the Horn of Africa

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Khantao gen. nov., a new genus of Selenocosmiinae Simon, 1889 from western Yunnan of China (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae)

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Exosome biogenesis in arthropods: conserved mechanisms, experimental evidence, and emerging directions

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Chemical Secretion Use Varies Among Species but Lacks a Straightforward Relationship With Other Defenses in Neotropical Opiliones

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Viperid Venom Immunization Using Chitosan Nanoparticles as Immunoadjuvant

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Hidden diversity in plain sight: four new species of Nemesia (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) from the Córdoba Province of Spain

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Photographic evidence of mite parasitism on a jumping spider Hyllus semicupreus (Simon, 1885) from Gujarat, Western India.

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Microclimate of cemetery habitats and nest site selection of Eresus kollari (Araneae: Eresidae) in South Korea

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